Quantitative research Essay Example for Free

Quantitative research EssayIsaac and Michael described quantitative research as allowing the researcher to theorize research questions or hypotheses and then to test each under controlled conditions. They decided its greatest merit is the convincing nature of hard data collected that poop speak for itself (1974, 354-355).PROCEDURES To conduct this study, the following actions result be taken regarding each of the objectives First objective To identify and report the desired behaviors waitd for future Christian education draws.1. The literature of the field will be reviewed in the following areas (a) Biblical context, (b) Church History, and (c) contemporary ministry. 2. The findings of the literature will be reported in chapter 2. Second objective To validate the behaviors identified in the literature review. In order for the armory of behaviors to be comprehensive, Flanagan stated that it is necessary to obtain a sufficiently representative sample (1949, 343).a) The degree of mutuality existing among the behaviors reported will be identified with respect to the different clusters. b) The number of behaviors will continue to be reduced by combining similar behaviors and writing new descriptions without regard for specific categories. c) The final inventory of administrative behaviors will be produced by the researcher. 2. The findings of the inventory of behaviors will be reported in chapter 3. Third objective To make appropriate recommendations on the selection and training of future education administrators. 1.The study, including the findings of objectives 1 and 2 will be reviewed and summarized. 2. Appropriate conclusions will be drawn. 3. Specific recommendation which emerge from the study will be made, including suggestions for utilization of the competency areas recommended by the study, and suggestions for notwithstanding research. 4. The summary, conclusions, and recommendation including check list will be reported in chapter 4.ORGANIZATION OF THE STUDY The study will be organized into four chapters in accordance with the Action enquiry, as table 1 displays.TABLE 1 Organization of the study based on action research Action Research Steps Chapters 1 2 3 4 Planning/Conceptualization X Fact Finding X X X Evaluation X Chapter 1 has stated the problem and aim, explained the importance of the study, and stated the method. Chapter 2 will survey the literature to identify and report behaviors required to effectively analyze the characteristics of the perform draws, church building members and surrounding neighborhood. Chapter 3 will report the validated behaviors for the role of the church.Chapter 4 will review and summarized the study, offer appropriate conclusion and discuss recommendations for veer and future study. CHAPTER 2 CHARACTERISTICS We expect e truly church plantation owner either black or white to be a good leader. Everyone else who knows about leader and his ministry, even including his group people expect it too. This is truly right no matter who a church planter is, may be any(prenominal) universe or woman, may be a minister having both in church and outside of the church jobs. He may be a permanent wave pastor.Every church planter must enquire about his personality by self-questioning in such a personal way so that obtaining answers cornerstone serve well him to be sure about his decision and can help him to find out his true calling these answer can also help planter to know his future as a leader of his group. Our own understanding taught us about good leaders and leadership which we learned by working with different leaders. These leaders are the ones that people have known, read or watched about them. A successful leader has four elements including organization punt program third morale and forth leadership.The greatest of four is leadership. Although morale is condition of mind and character that shows the person is brave. It also includes ability to do things with proficie nt trust on your self. The organizational element is based on morale followers program of a church goes where the leadership goes. People have canvas different kinds of leaders in secular history and in the Bible. The Lord Jesus Christ is their example as a true leader in Christian service. In the Bible God chose many people as leaders in His work for example Abraham, Noah, Nehemiah, Joseph, Paul and Daniel.Whenever the God leads anyone to think, about deprivation into the Christian ministry he must look for a person who could demonstrate Him, what His person really used to be. A question also rises of what does God require of that person as His leader? And what it takes to be a good leader? The needed qualities of a Christian leader or a church planter should be as the Joseph had he even became a picture or copy of Jesus Christ. Josephs acts and character were good qualities for a church leader any church leader with these characteristics will definitely have success.It is vital that counselors who collaborate with African American congregations understand that titles and the values assigned to them can be very important in the Black church and within many African American families. Counselors who do not use the formal titles of ministers, church leaders, older church members, and members who have earned doctoral degrees run the risk of hampered rapport. (2005, 147) The God selected some of His people to be prophets, apostles, pastors, missionaries, and teachers, so that His people would be taught to serve and would become strong.This will carry on until we are united on accepting the Son of God by our faith. All the church has realized the need for leadership they go across a big part of their life with the life of the church. People often think about the job of church leaders without attempting to connect their roles to the nature and purpose of the church. It means that church leaders become functionaries rather than ministers and become organization m aintainers rather than church mission leader. But true black church leader as a person is that who uses his gifts to facilitate others in ministry, and then making suggestions and observations for implications to church.

Welfare Myths and Realities Essay Example for Free

Welfare Myths and Realities EssaySociety has continued to undergo phylogeny and change throughout the history of civilization. These are the factors that spell out the dividing line between social classes and castes that are redrawn on an almost daily basis by human racekind. This is why there will al paths be a mixture of fact and fiction surrounding the way present day society views those stack who were unlucky enough to end up at the bottom of the societal class chain. These are the people who are obligate to survive using social social wellbeing to keep food on the table, money in their pockets, and clothes on their backs. It is highly unfortunate that the word Welfare has come to mean a someone who does not want to work unless he is forced to work. But this is not always what defines a person on upbeat. In todays world, the workplace is a highly competitive environment where people no longer ask security of tenure in their jobs. People want to work. The problem is, there are not enough jobs to go around. The reality is that when a person loses his job these days, it is highly unlikely that he will be able to get new mending employment anytime in the short-term future.So, he is forced to take what odd jobs he clear while trying his luck at landing unfaltering employment. Realistically speaking, temp jobs wont establish the rent nor keep food on the table. In order to stay afloat, the person must take welfare assistance. This is a not a permanent set up for most, it is just financial aid until the person can get back on his feet. Hey, he compensable his taxes and his Social Security dues. Therefore, it is only proper that the system religious services him get back on his feet. Nobody in his right mind would want to take hold welfare his way of life.Welfare tends to affect a person both psychologically and emotionally as he struggles to try to go back to the way of life that he has become accustomed to. Even though they try to get off wel fare at the soonest possible time, sometimes, he is forced to go back on welfare for one reason or another. The last thing he wants to become is a welfare cyclist yet he is left with no other choice. Psychologically, a man unable to support himself is thrown into despair and self-pity. He thinks less of himself and wishes to feel better by being able to support himself without the aid of welfare.The last thing he wants for himself is to get involved in welfare cycling. This is the act of going on welfare for short periods of time during which a person has lost his job. It is totally unfair to say, the federal welfare program encourages people to stay poor. (Margaret L. Andersen Howard F. Taylor, 2003, p. 200) Man is an ambition operate entity. He pursues lofty goals and ambitions in life and does not deem himself a success or a complete individual unless he has something to show for his existence.It can be in the form of finances, or something solid like real estate. Whatever it may be, there is nothing that can drive a man to have a desire to stay poor. The government does not give enough financial support to the welfare organizations for one to believe that those on welfare would be getting enough welfare checks or food coupons to sustain any kind of lifestyle. These benefits are available only to a limited arrive of families who must pass a stringent interview and verification process. Neither is it true that only Blacks or Hispanic families benefit from welfare.There are withal White families who are down on their luck and also move from place to place or even state to state in attempt of the elusive jobs. The welfare myth about women is proves to be even most unfair. Women are the light that guides a family. While husbands work and bring home what pay then can in the lower middle class society, the women are left at home to tend to the children. Most of them cannot afford child-care and therefore help their husband earn income in order to improve t heir basic lifestyle.This is why most women collect welfare for their families. If there were proper child-care assistance provided to these families, both parents would have a chance to work instead of having to line up collecting unemployment checks just to make ends meet. Of the 100% of the total federal budget, only 60% of this it fagged on assisting poor families. This provides subsidies for the lowest income families basic living and medical assistance. There is absolutely no truth to the belief that certain welfare recipients are paid benefits that they no longer qualify for.Though the system is not foolproof, as some payments errors are done due to human error, there are remedy safety measures in place to make sure that overpayments are limited and that any fraudulent transactions are weeded out in the process. Going on welfare was never meant to make any man rich. It is not a status symbol that will make you the envy of others either. Often times, the amount of the checks presumption to the people involved are below the poverty level. It is really meant only to be a stop gap measure for those who have had a shot of financial bad luck.It was not meant to sustain any person throughout life. The myths that were created by the fear of going on welfare gave the deserving welfare beneficiaries a bad name. It has branded them in such a way that society tends to be judge and jury of the way they conduct their lives and personal businesses. Welfare was meant to be a helping hand when one needs it the most. Welfare was envisioned, developed and meant to help a person get back on his feet after a devastating financial setback.To believe all these myths that have been handed down from generation to generation would be a disservice to such a gracious undertaking that is done for and on behalf of your fellowman.Works CitedAndersen, Margaret L. Taylor, Howard R. (2003). Sociology The Essentials (2nd Ed. ) Welfare Myths Fact or Fiction? Exploring the Truth abou t Welfare. 1996. celestial latitude 22, 2006, Retrieved from http//hcom. csumb. edu/welfare/resources/myths_facts. html Irons, Meghan Erica. Dispelling Myths About Welfare. December 21, 2006, Retrieved from http//www. voice. neu. edu/960215/welfare. html

The Success Of Google Maps

The Success Of Google MapsGoogle Maps a free web mapping service exercise and technology provided by Google. It offers street maps, a route planner, and an urban business locator for numerous countries around the valet. Google Maps toilette generate driving directions between whatever pair of locations and can also show turn-by-turn instructions, an estimate of the trip time, and the distance between the two locations.To be able to embed Google Maps into web pages for either more elaborated customization, we need Google Maps API. Google API stands for Application Programmable Interface. As its name implies, it is an interface that queries the Google entropybase to help computer programmers in the development of their coverings.By definition, Google APIs consist basic anyy of specialized Web work and programs and specialized scripts that makes it possible for Internet application developers to better find and process information on the Web. In essence, Google APIs can be upt aked as an summariseed resource in their applications.In the real world, application programmers, developers and integrators write softw are programs that can connect remotely to the Google APIs. All data communications are execute via the Simple Object Access Protocol (SOAP), which is a Web services standards as defined by the industry. The SOAP protocol is an XML-based technology meant to easily interchange information entered into a Web application.Googles API can better help developers in easily accessing Googles web search database. This empowers them in developing software that can question billions of Web documents, constantly refreshed by Googles automated crawlers. Programmers can happily initiate search queries to Googles colossal index of more than three billion pages and endure results delivered to them as structured data that is simple to analyse and work with. Additionally, Google APIs can perfectly access data in the Google cache, while at the analogous time prov ide checking in the spelling of words. Google APIs pass on more precisely implement the standardized search syntax used on many a(prenominal) of Googles search properties.The map data in Google Maps is compiled by a private com scrapy with whom Google have a partnership. This company is Tele Atlas and they are a world leaders in navigation and location-based services. The maps are highly accurate and have been praised for recording extremely rural areas and mapping the terrain correctly.Google Maps also coordinates with several other in-house application currently run by Google. The most obvious of these is Google Earth. The two services use to each angiotensin converting enzyme others data for coordinating satellite imagery and in update innovatively-developed areas which have yet to be updated on both databases.Business and premises which are place-marked on maps have been supplied by directory listings. In the US, Google say that they use chicken Pages directories but also mentions, We arent currently able to share our full list of U.S. Yellow Pages sources. All other premises and place-marks are shared by users which we will take a look at next.The technology behind Google Maps could generically be described as a map server. The map server generates a map for the quested location from a large set of pre-generated map tile images covering the entire planet. The map server may overlay data from other databases on top of this. The combination of a map viewer customer and geographical database is traditionally called a Geographical Information System (GIS).A bit more detail, google maps uses a big div element to contain several img elements. each of those img elements is 256 pixels square, and is positioned on a regular grid. from there, the google maps javascript program calculates which grid images should be derisory into each img tag and uses regular dom manipulation to position each img in the rightfulness place. Only the tiles of the map that would be visible inside the div are loaded. when you document off the side, the javascript library unloads the image, and loads new ones as needed. Other elements, like the zoom controls, markers, and lines, are stacked or drawn on top of that as needed.Overlays are target areas on the map that are tied to latitude/longitude coordinates, so they move when you drag or zoom the map. Overlays reflect aims that you add to the map to delineate points, lines, or areas.The Maps API has several types of overlays* Points on the map are displayed using markers, and often display a custom icon. Markers are objects of type GMarker and may make use of the GIcon type.* Lines on the map are displayed using polylines (representing a collection of points). Lines are objects of type GPolyline.* Areas on the map are displayed either as polygons if they are areas of an peremptory shape or as ground overlays if they are rectangular. Polygons are similar to polylines in that they consist of a collec tion of points with a closed loop and may take any shape. Ground overlays are often used for areas that map either directly or indirectly to tiles on the map.* The map itself is displayed using a tile overlay. You can modify this with your own set of tiles by using a GTileLayerOverlay or even by creating your map type using a GMapType.* The info windowpane is also a special kind of overlay. Note, however, that the info window is added to the map automatically, and that there can only be one object of type GInfoWindow attached to a map.Each overlay implements the GOverlay interface. Overlays can be added to a map using the GMap2.addOverlay() method and removed using the GMap2.removeOverlay() method. (Note that the info window is added by default to the map.)GPolyline objects use the vector drawing capabilities of the browser, if available. In Internet Explorer, Google Maps uses VML (see Xhyper schoolbook markup language and VML) to draw polylines in other browsers SVG is used if ava ilable. In all other circumstances, we request an image of the line from Google servers and overlay that image on the map, refreshing the image as necessary as the map is zoomed and dragged around.Google Apps Script privilege users with a new level of control over Google products. One can now access and control Google Spreadsheets and other products using ones own JavaScript scripts. Unlike browser-based JavaScript, the scripts you write run directly on Google servers in order to provide direct access to the products they control.These scripts interact with Google applications much(prenominal) as Google Spreadsheets, Google Finance, and Google Sites, and enable varying degrees of interactivity among the applications. Google Apps Scripts is powerful and flexible enough to be used to accomplish a wide range of different occupations, but its also easy enough to use that you dont have to be a programmer to build scripts.==================================================The Google App s Script language is JavaScript, with objects and methods that are unique to Google Apps Script. These objects and methods give the scripts access to Google Docs and Spreadsheets, Gmail, Google Finance, and other Google applications. Youll read more about objects and methods in Using the Google Apps Script APIs.Scripts are saved and run from an associated Google Spreadsheet. You can save as many scripts as you want to a particular Spreadsheet, then run them at will. The data your script works with is typically stored in a Google Spreadsheet, but you can retrieve information from many external sources, including web pages and XML sources. You can use Google Apps Script to create email, spreadsheets, pages on Google Sites, and files in the Google Docs Document List.The instructions in a script are grouped into functions. Each function performs a section of the larger task your script accomplishes. For example, if you write a script to manage your budget, the first function might displ ay custom menus in the Spreadsheet and the second might pop up a dialog box that you use to insert additional information into the Spreadsheet.Google Apps Script provides a robust API (Applications Programming Interface) of objects and methods that you use in your scripts for such tasks such as displaying a dialog box, creating a calendar event, creating a page on a Google Site, and many other activities. The Google Apps Script API document is here.=========================================================The JavaScript class that represents a map is the Map class. Objects of this class define a single map on a page.More than one instance of this class can be created since each object will define a separate map on the page.When creating a new map instance, specify a HTML element in the page as a container for the map. HTML nodes are children of the JavaScript document object, and we obtain a reference to this element via the document.getElementById() method.This code defines a varia ble (named map) and assigns that variable to a new Map object, also passing in options defined within the myOptions object literal. These options will be used to initialize the maps properties. The function Map() is managen as a constructor and its definition is shown below=========================================================While an HTML page renders, the document object model (DOM) is built out, and any external images and scripts are received and incorporated into the document object. To ensure that the map is placed on the page after the page has fully loaded, the function, which constructs the Map object once the element of the HTML page receives an onload event, is executed. Doing so avoids unpredictable behavior and gives the user more control on how and when the map draws.The body tags onload attribute is an example of an event handler. The Google Maps JavaScript API also provides a set of events that one can handle to determine state changes.========================= ===================================================================The maps on Google Maps contain UI(User Interaction) elements for allowing user interaction through the map. These elements are known as controls and variations of these controls can be included in a Google Maps API application.The Maps API provides built-in controls which may be useful when creating a mapThe Navigation control displays a large pan/zoom control as used on Google Maps. This control appears by default in the top left corner of the map.The Scale control displays a map scale element. This control is not enabled by default.The MapType control lets the user toggle between map types (such as ROADMAP and SATELLITE). This control appears by default in the top right corner of the map.controls cannot be accessed or modified directly. Instead, the maps MapOptions fields, which affect the visibility and presentation of controls, is changed.=====================================================================can b e calculated by using the DirectionsService object. This object communicates with the Google Maps API Directions Service which receives direction requests and returns computed results. The user may either handle these directions results himself or use the DirectionsRenderer object to render these results.Directions may specify origins and destinations either as text strings (e.g. Chicago, IL or Darwin, NSW, Australia) or as LatLng values. The Directions service can return multi-part directions using a series of waypoints. Directions are displayed as a polyline drawing the route on a map, or additionally as a series of textual description within a element (e.g. Turn right onto the Williamsburg Bridge ramp).======================================================================The Elevation service provides height data for locations on the surface of the earth, including depth locations on the ocean floor (which return negative values). If Google does not know the exact elevation val ue, it uses four nearest locations and returns the avareged value.The ElevationService object provides you with a simple interface to query locations on the earth for elevation data. Additionally, you may request sampled elevation data along paths, allowing you to calculate the equidistant elevation changes along routes. The ElevationService object communicates with the Google Maps API Elevation Service which receives elevation requests and returns elevation data.=============================================================The SDK includes two SWC files, a Flex stochastic variable for use within FlexBuilder (or with the free Flex SDK), and a non-Flex version for use within Flash CS3. The Flex *.swc is denoted with a _flex suffix in the filename.These SWC files contain interfaces for all public classes in the Google Maps API for Flash development environment. Compiling your application with this library ensures that it can utilize and communicate with all public functionality of the runtime Google Maps API for Flash library, which is retrieved from Googles servers whenever a client loads your application.============================================================The Google Earth Plug-in and its JavaScript API let you embed Google Earth, a true 3D digital globe, into your web pages. Using the API you can draw markers and lines, drape images over the terrain, add 3D models, or load KML files, allowing you to build sophisticated 3D map applications. If you have an existing Maps API site, you can 3D-enable your page with as little as one line of code.

The History Of Markup Languages Information Technology Essay

The History Of Markup phrases Information Technology EssayDocument markup is a process of physical composition codes in a document to identify structure and format of a final appearance of a document. Markup was d maven by copy veeror program committal to writing instruction on document that was followed by typesetter, before the computerization of printing industry. After computerization, school text formatting addresss were written. Copy editors markup was converted into the normal markup by a typesetter. When computers spread over the world, people began using word processing software to fabricate unnecessary documents. Each word processing political program had its own feature and technique of markup. All electronic documents which store text using up some form of markup. These markups send word be visible, hidden or self-generated.Document markup divided into two categories specific markup and generic markup. Specific markup uses instructions which are specific to t he certain software that produces document. Generic markup indentifies structure of a document. The beginning of generic markup was macros for typesetting language. Series of commands can be executed by software instruction which called macro. Furthermore, macro keeps track of chapter numbers in document and the change of macro can modify the feature of the chosen chapter.The first presentation about(predicate) markup languages was made by William Tunnicliffe at Canadian Government Printing Office in 1967. Later in 1969 Raymond Lorie, Edward Mosher, and Charles Goldfarb take a shitd superior generalized Markup talking to (GML). GML was based on ideas of Tunnicliffe. In 1978 GML committee decide to make changes in markup and make it generic. They limited infobase searches to title by marking title as kinda of and . It was a beginning of SGML which was based on both GML and Gencode. SGML was developed during the years and now it is used by major government agencies.HyperText Markup Language ( hypertext mark-up language) is a markup language that creates web pages. Nowadays, all web pages are made by using HTML or another language which uses basic elements of HTML. Since 1990 when Tim Berners-Lee invented HTML, this markup language started to advance and now it is the most primary language in a world of web. HTML developed from HTML 1.0 to HTML 4.0 in 7 years.In 1994, first HTML 2.0 document was releasedFirst draft HTML 3.0 was released in 1995In 1996, HTML 3.0 was developed to HTML 3.2HTML 4.0 was released later in 1997. HTML 4.0 is the current version of HTML.-XMLXML was created in 1996 by XML Working Group which was lead by Jon Bosak. The design goal of XML wasXML should be easily accessible over the meshworkVarious applications moldiness be back up by XMLXML should be similar to SGML. SGML is another markup language which was created before SGML. More precise information about SGML will be given in the next sectionXML should be designed brief and official.It should be easy for beginners to create documents in XMLXML, extensile Markup Language, is a standard for document markup which is supported by World Wide Web Consortium (W3C). XML is markup language and a restricted form of Standardized General Markup Language (SGML) which provides a standard format for electronic documents. This format can be easily customized for web sites, vector graphics, object serialization and voice-mail forms. Programs which control data in XML documents can be written by users. So, the availability of libraries in different languages that can write and read XML, allows users to concentrate on the unique ineluctably of their program. Moreover, XML documents can be modified using text editors and web browsers.Data of XML is included as strings of text in this type of documents. XML and HTML documents wait similar. However there are some important differences. First of all, XML is a matemarkup language. That heart XML provides sets of element s and tags that can work for everybody in different areas of interest. For example, Chemists can use molecules, atoms and reactions by using appropriate elements. Musicians can use elements notes, lyrics and much more that concerns their job. XML is a language that can be adapted to meet different requirements. Basic building block of data of XML is called an element. XML identify how elements surrounded by tags, the specification of tags and the names which appropriate for elements. The documents which satisfy these requirements are successfully formed Otherwise documents containing errors will be spurned by XML.Documents in XML are compared with specific scheme. If a document matches scheme because this document considered valid. Invalid documents are not equivalent to scheme, further it is not important for all documents to be valid. There are different XML schemes. Document type definition (DTD) is the mostly supported scheme which is the only scheme that supported by XML 1.0. DTD contains the entire legal markup and identifies places where these markups can be inserted in the document.-SGMLWorldwide standard for the explanation of device-indep cobblers lastent, system-independent ways if representing texts in electronic form called Standard generalised Markup Language (SGML). SGML documents are not limited by size and can form an independent unit that transported either electronically or in printed form. SGML documents contain interconnected elements that hold data serving for specific purpose. Document Type Definition (DTD) characterizes documents structure according to the elements it contains and the monastic rear of these elements. DTD is linked with a SGML. Within the DTD each element in the document named in order to recognize the role of this element. The recognized elements can form the tags that identify the start and the end of elements, when they placed within markup delimiters. SGML parses must authorize files that positioned into the repository.SGML system can be constructed from interrelated software components. Data repository is a fundamental part of SGML system. Before the documents are dispatched from the repository another validation needed in order to guarantee that referenced data has not been pretermit from the transmitted data set.SGML documents can be formatted according to features required by the author. There is a standard for definingthe structure of documents classescharacters for markup, and in the text of documentcommon text that will be writtenspecial marking up techniques like tag minimization or identification of various versions of documentAttri justes qualify some SGML markup tags. These attributes can help to identify specific tags, recall data that is externally stored and indicate the role of elements. Moreover attributes can control the way of presenting text to readers. SGML not only make easy to associate feature to text by short form of tags, but also named character reference s can be used to demand characters that are not included in character set of word processor.In order to modify SGML-coded document, it needed to be converted into form that word processors can understand. It is a daedal process for generalized SGML document and there one application which is specifically designed for converting word -processed text into and out of SGML. This application is called HyperText Markup Language (HTML) that is used on the World Wide Web.-HTML and XHTMLHyperText Markup Language (HTML) is the computer program that allows user to create own web page by formatting text and present it to the net income public. First of all, hypertext and generality are the main qualities of HTML. Hypertext means that it possible to insert a link in a webpage that leads to another webpage. So, it is possible to access information on the internet from various places. Secondly, HTML is universal language, because these types of documents can be accessed from any computer such as Macintosh, UNIX and Microsoft. Special programs were designed in order to read HTML pages. These programs called browsers and the popular ones are Mozilla Firefox, Internet Explorer, Netscape operator and Opera.XML looks like HTML language However , XML is a language that not only helps to create web pages, but also the program by which author can create his custom markup language to format documents. By using XML It is possible to use written data as custom information and used it further in the text. Nevertheless, XML is not as merciful as HTML. XML need careful coding, since XML is sensitive to upper and lowercase letters, quotations and tags. There is a abundant number of HTML pages that can be read by any browser. So, World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) decided to write HTML in XML. This new invention that called XHTML had all features of HTML as well as XMLs power and flexibility.-TEXThere are two different categories of text processorsWYSIWYG (what you represent is what you get) system. User can see exactly what his document will look like while typing text.Markup system, Authors type text scattered with formatting commands, but they are unable to see appearance of their document while working on text. In order to see final result user must run the program.Since the final product can be seen by author, WYSIWYG systems have the obvious advantage however, person can easily be confuse by the appearance of the document and will be unable to write the paper effectively. Because of these reasons, people who want academic paper prefer markup systems. TEX is an example of the markup system that was built in early eighteens, before WYSIWYG systems were widespread.Advantages of TEXTEX documents formed by the help of macros, that define format of each component. By the help of macros users dont have to write unnecessary formatting commands. For example, in order to write a footnote it is enough to write footnote command, instead of moving text to the bottom of p age. Macros make TEX flexible. By changing definition of certain macro, the appearance of a document can be changed. TEX is easily adaptable, since new commands can be created. In order to print document which is written in TEX, user needs to give the output to a driver program which will convert descriptions into commands that understood by printers. Tex is doesnt rely on technology of printers you just write a new driver when technology changes. TEX is freely available over the internet. TEX is an ideal program to create academic papers and even books.Disadvantages of TEXFirst of all, beginners have difficulty at getting used to TEX programming. It is easy to write primary macros, but writing complex macros is not a beginners work. Moreover, memory and design of TEX is limited, it doesnt grow dynamically and it uses only its own fonts. The most spread problem is interactivity of TEX. However, there is a solution to this problem. many a(prenominal) programs that give additional f eatures to TEX are available. For example, Macintosh users can access the program named TEXtures that helps user toEdit multiple texts at the same time with a multi-window editorView the output of the program on the screen by the help of previewerA printer driverTEX proper.PC clone users can only edit one text at a time. User, should first of all edit a file, then run this document by the help of TEX, afterwards use previewer in order to see the output on the screen. If there are mistakes in the text user must write all of them down then edit file again.Nowadays, most common used systems are WYSIWYG programs that use a TEX engine. User can easily change appearance by few mouse clicks without having any knowledge about TEX.

Development of Healthy Eating Habits

Development of salutary Eating HabitsAmanda Benicio de SobralEATING HEALTHY AND right(a) HABITSINTRODUCTIONThis essay aims to discuss Healthy Eating Habits.The first part discusses astir(predicate) tips how to create and maintain good habits.Also this essay discusses about how you plenty eat more healthily easily.In the end, the conclusion talk about if is achievable to limiting your habits.MethodologyThe information of this report is collected from various books and websites about healthy life.These books argon written by James Clear, a famous behavioral psychology author and Georgie Moore who is a famous dietician. The most important character in this essay is James Clear,a famous author who write about behavioral psychology, habit formation, and performance improvement.EATING HEALTHY AND GOOD HABITS harmonise to a study conducted by the Brazilian scientist Andr Frazo Helene (2014) (professor of the Department of Physiology of the Institute of Biosciences of the University o f So Paulo), fat and sugar, for instance, are rich sources of energy, fundamental for lifeA someer GOOD TIPS ON HOW TO CREATE AND MAINTAIN GOOD HABITSIn the guide Transform your Habits, by James Clear (year), thither are a few precious tips on how to keep one loyal to their objectives1) Focus on the process, not the results.As a rule, people tend to rely on results to change their lives. Different results which will transform one overnight. Nonetheless, what seems really necessary is taking up better habits. By changing and sticking to these new habits day by day, the process of transformation becomes some(prenominal) easier to continue, and the results come in turn. Hence, prioritize daily decision making and develop strategies to make your habits and costumes healthier.2) Rely on habits that are slatternly to take upAt the beginning, think small.It is important to choose something that easily fits your routine. Next, choose a strategy to start this new habit in a way that it i s easy enough that you commit no excuses not to do it. Lets take Abdominal Crunch or Sit-ups as an example. A good jut out could be to start with 2 sets a day. More important than the initial quantity is becoming someone constant in this new routine.3) Easy-to-remember reminders for new habits demand and necessity to change are not directly related not always you will feel motivated to do something. It is actually related to retentiveness to do it. Therefore, create mental reminders to the habits to take up from now. Such reminders can be anything that triggers your will to put these new habits in practice. For instance, linking the commercials on TV to your cartridge holder to exercise might be a good idea.10 GOOD STEPS TO EAT MORE HEALTHILY EASILY1. Unprocessed FoodAccording to 12WBT dietitian Georgie Moore, there are various downsides of packaged / processed fodders, such as high quantities of preservatives, colourings and added chemicals. Packaged foods tend to be higher i n fat, salt and sugar than food cooked from scratch, while lacking nutrients and fibre, she states. The solution is to cook unprocessed foods such as lean meat, fresh vegetables, nuts and legumes, as well as organic eggs, draw and fruit.2. Healthy Whole GrainsApart from containing more texture, whole grains contain considerably more fibre and nutrients than the standard refined ones.Brown rice, wholegrain pasta, quinoa and buckwheat are good examples of substitutes (Moore, 2012).3. Change to Healthy Cooking MethodsThe simpler, the better. Try grilling, barbecuing, steaming the food. Also, there are good substitutes for the standard dressings and salt, such as balsamic for salad and herbs for refined salt. Pink salt is also a good healthy option (Bridges, 2017).4. Eat Healthy Portion SizesA healthy dish mustiness be balanced properly. The ideal balance must be a quarter of the food composed of lean protein, another quarter of low-GI carbohydrates, wholegrain carbohydrates, and the other half of vegetables and legumes (Moore, 2012).5. Understand Healthy Eating-Out OptionsWhen eating out, one does not ask to eat everything offered on the photographic plate. A half portion can be asked, and the main course can also be substituted by an entre surface dish, complemented by vegetables. In case you find the menu available online, a healthy meal can be chosen before you leave home. (Moore, 2012)6. A Food Diary Will Help Your Healthy Eating HabitsKeeping track of what is eaten every day is another good strategy to control the intake of calories. Then, it is possible to analyze and answer on the best balance between the ingredients (Bridges, 2017).7. Healthy Eating at Social EventsAlthough it is tempting to eat a considerable totality when in social events, if a healthy snack is eaten prior to the event, it will help control the hunger. Moreover, a healthier option at the buffet must be considered, filling the place just once (Bridges, 2017).8. Plan Your Healthy S hoppingTakeaways are always an easy option when the fridge is empty. It is paramount to plan the obtain and stock healthy options in the pantry (Bridges, 2017).9. Treats Can be Healthy TooEvery once in a while, we can treat ourselves. erstwhile a workweek, decide on a meal where you can indulge yourself. It will help relieving the will to eat unhealthy foods, and will set up your calendar, avoiding these foods the rest of the week (Bridges, 2017).10. Water Natures Healthy DrinkDrink plenty of water. Water is crucial for a good digestion and for the elimination of waste, as well as paramount for the control of body temperature. According to the Australian Dietary Guidelines a healthy amount for men to drink is 2.6 litres per day and women should have 2.1 litres (or 8 to 10 cups per day). Who keeps a drinking bottle at all times is more likely to keep healthy (Crowe,2013).HEALTHY EATING PLATEThe Healthy Eating Plate, created by nutrition experts at Harvard school of Public Health , provides detailed guidance, in a simple format, to help people make the best eating choices.Vegetables and Fruits -Should be of your plateWhole grains Should be of your plate Protein power Should be of your plate.SURVEY ABOUT EATING HEALTHYWaterAccording to teachers and students of Ailfe, water is the second most popular drink (behind soft drinks). Students and teachers are drinking enough water, besides, only one of them doesnt drink water.VegetablesEating vegetables provides health benefits, but according to teachers and students of Ailfe, cook vegetables is difficult and spend a lot of time, that is wherefore the results show that once a week is how many time they have vegetables.SURVEY ABOUT EATING HEALTHY1) How many cups of water do you have per day?None 2 cups 4 or 6 cups of water More than 6 2)How many portions of vegetables do you have per week?None Once a week 3 or 4 portions per week everyday 3) How often do you eat whole grains?None Once a week 3 or 4 time s a week everyday 4) How many portions of protein (meat, fish, eggs, milk) do you have per day?None 1 portion 2 portion 3 or more portion 5) How many portions of fruits do you have per day?None 1 portion 2 portion 3 or more portion CONCLUSIONIn conclusion, although the world is becoming faster and our routines gradually busier with the globalized life, people can still eat healthy foods without much effort. There must be determination and discipline enough, but where there is a will, there is a way. Developing strategies to create new habits, focusing on daily eating practices, anyone is able to improve life quality without arduous dedication. There is always possibility to change, and change for better.THE REFERENCE LISTKedouk, M. (2014). Changing Habits A Science Explains Why Its So Difficult. Retrieved from http//boaforma.abril.com.br/estilo-de-vida/mudanca-de-habito-a-ciencia-explica-por-que-e-tao-dificil/Clear, J. (2013) Transform your habits. Retrieve from https//www2.u sgs.gov/humancapital/ecd/mentoringreadinglist/TransformYourHabits.pdf

Leadership and Management :: Business and Management Studies

In a firm, management and leading are important and needed. leadership and management are similar. Actually, leadership and management are totally incompatible. The leadership would influence thefirm. The leader would have difference leadership styles to lead thesubordinate. The manager has different functions, attri barelyes andskills. Different subordinate needs to have different leadershipstyle. Finally, difference powers would have difference use onleadership influence.MANAGEMENT DEFINED care can be defined as the process of planning organising,directing, and controlling organisational resources in the pursuit oforganisational goals.LEADERSHIP DEFINEDLeadership is frequently defined as a social influence relationshipbetween two or more persons who depend on each other to attain certainusual goals in a group situation.STYLES OF LEADERSHIPAn autocratic leadership style is one where the manager setsobjectives, allocates tasks, and insists on obedience. Therefore thegroup becomes d ependent on him or her. The result of this style is themembers of the group are often dissatisfied with the leader. Thisresults in little cohesion, the need for high levels of supervision,and poor levels of motivation amongst employees.A democratic leadership style encourages participation in decisionmaking. Democratic leadership styles can be persuasive orconsultative.Persuasive this is where a leader has already make a decision, only iftakes the time to persuade others that it is a good idea.Consultative this is where a leader consults others about theirviews before making a decision. The decision allow for take into accountthese views.A laissez-faire type of leadership style allows employees to carry outactivities freely within broad limits. The result is a relaxedatmosphere, but one where there are dew guidelines and directions.This can sometimes result in poor productivity and lack of motivationas employees have little fillip to work hard.Autocratic leaders centralize powe r and decision making in themselves.They structure the complete work situation for their employees, whoare expected to do what they are told and not think for themselves.The leaders take full authority and assume full responsibility.Autocratic leadership typically is negative, based on threats andpunishment, but it can appear to be positive, as demonstrated by thebenevolent autocrat who chooses to give some rewards to employees.Consultative leaders approach one or more employees and ask them forinputs prior to making a decision. These leaders may then choose touse or ignore the information and advice received, however. If theinputs are seen as used, employees are likely to feel as though theyhad a positive impact if the inputs are consistently rejected,employees are likely to feel that their time has been wasted.Participative leaders clearly decentralize authority. Participativedecisions are not unilateral, as with the autocrat, because they use

Essay --

Cognitive behavioural therapy, an empirically validated give-and-take for Major Depressive Disorder (Robinson, Berman, & Neimeyer, 1990) has featured in over 78 research studies, and is the treatment of natural selection when treating depression by many clinicians. A meta analaysis completed by Dobson (1989), reviewed 28 studies featuring cognitive therapy and depression, and found that cognitive therapy was a more effectual treatment modality than behaviour therapy, wait list control, medication, and other therapies. A further meta-analysis conducted by Gloaguen et al., (1998) found that Cognitive behavioural therapy was equal to behaviour therapy, and more good than drug treatments when treating Major Depressive Disorder. While depression has been found to be successfully treated by therapies such(prenominal) as CBT, many depressed individuals do non continue to attend therapy (Barnes et al., 2003). This can be challenging as CBT in particular requires a commitment from participants in terms of attending a itemize of sessions so that the client can begin to experience progress. Researchers have found inattendance by those with depression may be due to a number of factors, such as avoidance of dealing with negative feelings (Barnes et al., 2013). According to MacDonald et al (2007), the symptomology of depression, such as reduced concentration, may provide a need for alternate shipway of information to be provided when treating depression. One of the core components of CBT is homework activities, with homework completion being found to lead to greater results of therapy (Flynn, 2011). In a study by Simons et al., (2012), it was found that adolescents self reported less depressive symptoms, as well as reduced hopelessness,... ...as found, with these changes retained at three and six month follow up. In addition, a one day EFT workshop, where EFT was delivered to 216 healthcare workers, resulted in a statistically signifi cant reduction in depressive symptoms (Church, Geronilla, & Dinter, 2009). Two randomised controlled trials (RCT) found EFT to be an effective medium when treating symptoms of depression. After completing an 8 week online EFT course, 36 fibromyalgia patients receiving treatment for PTSD were found to have a significant reduction of depressive symptoms (Brattberg, 2008). The second RCT focussed on 59 war veterans who were experiencing clinical levels of depression. After six sessions of EFT, there was a significant change in their depressive levels which dropped to a subclinical level. These improvements were also maintained at follow-up (Church et al., 2011).