Hip Mask Representing An Iyoba Essay Example for Free

Hip Mask Representing An Iyoba Essay The perfection of the material and the complexity of the cutting demonstrate that it was made by the selective organization of imperial ivory carvers for the lord. This choice piece is made out of ivory, iron and cooper. This piece additionally contains bits of decorated metal and expound coral carvings. The piece measurements are as followed; H. 9 3/8 x W. 5 x D. 3 1/4 in. (23. 8 x 12. 7 x 8. 3 cm). The veil is a touchy human admired representation, portraying its subject with delicately displayed highlights. This piece is confined with an exquisite headdress like hairdo and openwork neckline. The understudies were trimmed with iron metal, the brow has cut scarification marks and furthermore she is wearing groups of coral dabs beneath the jawline. In the jewelry you can see smaller than expected themes that speak to leaders of the Portuguese troopers portrayed with facial hair and streaming hair. In the crown headdress like hairdo are cut increasingly Portuguese heads substituted with figures of adapted mudfish, which represents Olokun, the Lord of the Great Waters. You can see that a portion of the accessory segment is harm or missing and this could be because of the age and delicacy of the coral. This piece is from early African craftsmanship otherwise called â€Å"Queen Mother Pendant Mask: Iyoba†. Today, you can discover this piece at the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York. Despite the fact that pictures of ladies are uncommon this piece has come to represent the heritage of a tradition that proceeds to the current day. In a significant number of the African societies the head is a significant, incredible and emblematic piece. The head was consider to be the emblematic focus of a person’s insight, knowledge, and capacity to prevail in this world as well as to be a device to have the option to speak with profound powers in the hereditary world. In Art of History, distributed in 2011, both Professor Marilyn Stokstad and Michael W. Cothren guarantee that â€Å"one of the honorifics utilized for the lord is the â€Å"Great Head†. The head drives the body as the ruler drives the individuals. The entirety of the dedication heads incorporate portrayal of coral-beaded tops, neckbands and imperial outfit. Coral, encasing the head and showed on the body, is as yet a definitive image of the oba’s force and authority. † In an article named â€Å"Iyoba Idia: The Hidden Oba Of Benin† distributed in 2006, issue 9 of Jenda: A Journal Of Culture And African Women Studies Nkiru Nzegwu composed â€Å"Iron and copper embeds were installed in these depressions in the first model and framed piece of the embellishment. Some have guaranteed that these holes were containers for implanted mysterious elixirs, and there is a chronicled clarification for them. The striations were the aftereffect of entry points a nearby specialist seer made to distort Idia and render her ugly to Oba Ozolua. As described by the present Oba Erediauwa, Idias guardians didn't wish her to turn into an Obas spouse, and the prophet they counseled prompted that they damage her magnificence to make her monstrous to the Oba (Kaplan 1993, 59). The two entry points scarred her face as well as, to make confirmation twofold sure, they likewise contained intense therapeutic mixtures which the counseling doctor soothsayer had guaranteed them would repulse Oba Ozolua. The imperial clarification is that the arrangement fizzled on the grounds that the Oba detected that something wasn't right before he even observed Idia and immediately killed the impacts of the medication. † This is a pendant or adornment veil that speaks to an iyoba (sovereign mother-the oba’s mother), the senior female individual from the regal court. It’s accepted that this piece was delivered in the mid sixteenth century for the King or Oba Esigie, the lord of Benin, who controlled from 1504 to 1550. This piece is to respect his mom, Idia. There are various renditions of the reason for this piece. The most widely recognized ones is this was utilized an as belt decoration and it was worn at the oba’s hip. The Oba may have worn it at customs remembering his mom, albeit today such pendants are worn at yearly functions of profound restoration and cleaning. Esigie had the help of Ida and the Portuguese fighters in the development of his realm. Ida is associated with raising a military and utilizing supernatural forces to help her child Esigie to vanquish his adversaries.

Language Modes Essay

Language expressions is the term commonly utilized by instructors to depict the educational plan territory that incorporates four methods of language: tuning in, talking, perusing, and composing. Language expressions instructing comprises an especially significant territory in educator training, since tuning in, talking, perusing, and composing penetrate the educational program; they are basic to learning and to the exhibit of learning in each substance region. Instructors are accused of directing understudies toward capability in these four language modes, which can be investigated in a few different ways. Tuning in and communicating in include oral language and are regularly alluded to as essential modes since they are procured normally in home and network situations before youngsters come to class. Perusing and composing, the composed language modes, are procured in an unexpected way. In spite of the fact that youngsters from proficient situations regularly come to class with extensive information about printed language, perusing and composing are broadly viewed as the school’s obligation and are officially instructed. An alternate method of collection the language modes is as per the preparing associated with their utilization. Talking and composing require building messages and passing on them to others through language. Hence they are â€Å"expressive† modes. Tuning in and perusing, then again, are more â€Å"receptive† modes; they include developing importance from messages that originate from others’ language. (For the individuals who are hard of hearing, visual and spatial language modesâ€watching and signingâ€replace oral language modes. At the point when one thinks about how kids learn and use language, be that as it may, these divisions become to some degree counterfeit. Whatever we mark them, all modes include correspondence and development of importance. In compelling language expressions instructing, a few modes are generally utilized in every action or set of related exercises. For instance, understudies in writing gatherings may understand writing, talk about it, and expound on it accordingly diaries. In 1976 Walter Loban distributed an investigation of the language development of 338 understudies who were seen from kindergarten through evaluation twelve. He discovered positive relationships among the four language modes both regarding how understudies created competency in each, and of how well understudies eventually utilized them. His investigation exhibited the between connections among the four language modes and impacted instructors to address and all the more completely coordinate every one of them four in study halls. Models of Language Arts Instruction Many changes in language expressions guidance have occurred in American schools since 1980. To comprehend these changes, one must be acquainted with the three essential models that have offered ascend to varieties in language expressions educational plan throughout the years: the legacy model, the capabilities model, and the procedure or understudy focused model. Each model comprises a conviction framework about the structure and substance of guidance that prompts certain instructional methodologies and strategies. The legacy model, for instance, mirrors the conviction that the reason for language expressions guidance is to transmit the qualities and customs of the way of life through the investigation of an endless supply of writing. It additionally centers around settled upon modes and classes of composing, to be aced through guided composing encounters. The abilities model, then again, radiates from the conviction that the main reason for language expressions guidance is to deliver authority of a progressive system of language-related aptitudes (especially in perusing and writing) in the student. This model promoters the educating of these abilities in a foreordained grouping, for the most part through utilization of basal perusers and evaluated language expressions reading material in which the instructional exercises mirror this direction. Most of grown-ups in this nation likely experienced basic level language expressions guidance that was situated in the abilities model, trailed by secondary school English guidance that essentially mirrored the legacy model. Guidance in both of these models relies intensely upon the utilization of sequenced educational programs, messages, and tests. The third model of language expressions guidance, the procedure model, is very unique in relation to the next two models. The educational plan isn't controlled by writings and tests; rather, this model anxieties the consolation of language forms that lead to development in the language capabilities (both composed and oral) of understudies, just as presentation to expansive substance. The interests and needs of the understudies, alongside the information and interests of the instructor, decide the particular educational plan. In this manner understanding materials, composing sorts and subjects, and conversation exercises will shift from homeroom to study hall and even from understudy to understudy inside a study hall. Authentic† evaluation is the standard in these study halls, that is, appraisal that develops from the genuine language work of the understudies instead of from formal tests. Plainly the procedure model prompts more adaptable and changed educational program and guidance than the other two models. While the legacy and capabilities models have gone under analysis for being excessively unbending and lethargic to understudy contrasts, the procedure model has been reprimanded as excessively unstructured and conflicting to reliably give all understudies adequate establishing in language substance and aptitudes. In reality, educators of language expressions by and large endeavor to enable their understudies to create capability in language use, create comprehension of their own and different societies, and experience and practice the procedures of perusing and composing. In this manner it appears that the three models are not totally unrelated. They do, be that as it may, reflect various needs and accentuations, and most instructors, schools, and additionally educational systems adjust convictions and practices fundamentally with some model. Concentrate on Outcomes From a recorded point of view, stamped moves in language expressions guidance have occurred. In the mid twentieth century, course books and doled out readings, composing assignments, and tests came to overwhelm the language expressions educational plan. Guidance was described by a lot of examination of language and writings, on the hypothesis that training in investigating language and drill in â€Å"correct† structures would lead understudies to improved utilization of language and capability in perusing, composing, and talk. Guidance was altogether instructor driven; writing and composing points were chosen by the educator; spelling, syntax, and handwriting were educated as unmistakable subjects; and composing was enthusiastically rectified yet sometimes truly educated as in structure is regularly instructed today. During the 1980s a move toward the procedure model developed in progress of numerous language expressions scholars and the distributed acts of some persuasive educators including Donald Graves, Lucy M. Calkins, and Nancie Atwell. In 1987 the National Council of Teachers of English and the Modern Language Association supported a Coalition of English Associations Conference. Instructive pioneers from all levels met up at the meeting to talk about at various times language expressions instructing and to propose bearings and objectives to direct the educating of language expressions in the years paving the way to and moving into the twenty-first century. The meeting report determined the perfect results of powerful language expressions guidance, as far as the language information, capacities, and mentalities of understudies. These results were generally process situated, as outlined by the accompanying instances of results for understudies leaving the basic evaluations, as revealed by William Teale in Stories to Grow On (1989): * They will be perusers and scholars, people who discover delight and fulfillment in perusing and composing, and who make those exercises a significant piece of their regular daily existences. * They will utilize language to get themselves as well as other people and understand their reality. As a methods for thinking about their lives, they will take part in such exercises as recounting and hearing stories, understanding books and verse, and keeping diaries. Standards to control educational program advancement developed from the gathering participants’ settled upon understudy results, and, similar to the results, the standards were expansive and process-centered. For instance, two of the first standards are: Curriculum ought to advance from a sound research information base and The language expressions educational plan ought to be student focused. Elaborations on these and other educational program objectives digressed from before suggestions in that they included study hall based ethnographic research, or activity examine, just as conventional fundamental research in the information base that advises the instructing regarding language expressions. There was additionally understanding that course readings serve best as assets for exercises, however that the best language expressions educational programs are not content driven; rather they are made by singular instructors for fluctuating networks of understudies.

What Is Gestalt Therapy

What Is Gestalt Therapy Psychotherapy Print Gestalt Therapy and Using the Present for Healing By Jodi Clarke, MA, LPC/MHSP twitter linkedin Jodi Clarke, LPC/MHSP is a licensed professional counselor and mental health service provider with over 20 years of experience in the field. Learn about our editorial policy Jodi Clarke, MA, LPC/MHSP Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on March 25, 2019 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on August 07, 2019 More in Psychotherapy Online Therapy In This Article Table of Contents Expand What Does Gestalt Mean? A Different Approach Key Ideas Gestalt Exercises How It Helps View All Back To Top It can be a little intimidating to consider starting therapy, especially if you imagine yourself sitting in the therapy room talking about the past. Although revisiting the past is an important part of identifying what needs to be healed, Gestalt therapy is an approach that focuses more on the here and now experience of the client. What Does Gestalt Mean? Gestalt, by definition, refers to the form or shape of something and suggests that the whole is greater than the sum of its parts. There is an emphasis on perception in this particular theory of counseling. Gestalt therapy gives attention to how we place meaning and make sense of our world and our experiences. Within Gestalt therapy, the client has space to safely explore their experiences without fear of judgment. In fact, the clients are encouraged to not simply talk about their emotions or experiences, but to bring them into the room so they can be processed in real-time with the therapist. A Different Approach Based on Gestalt psychology, this type of therapy was introduced in the 1940s to be an alternative to more traditional psychoanalysis. Gestalt therapy was developed by Fritz Perls, with the help of his wife at the time, Laura Perls. Both Fritz and Laura were trained in psychoanalysis and Gestalt psychology. Along with others, such as Paul Goodman, they worked together to develop a style of therapy that was humanistic in nature. In other words, the approach focused on the person and the uniqueness of their experience. Some therapy approaches tend to focus on the therapist as an expert on distress and symptoms. The client has more of a learning role, as the therapist shares their knowledge about what they are experiencing and how to heal. The goal of Gestalt therapy is for the client to be collaborating with the therapist to increase personal awareness and actively challenge the roadblocks that have been getting in the way of healing until now. What Is Therapeutic Rapport? Key Ideas There are a number of key principle ideas that come into play with Gestalt therapy. Experience Influences Perception In this client-centered approach to therapy, the Gestalt therapist understands that no one can be fully objective and that we are influenced by our environment and our experiences. A therapist trained in Gestalt Therapy holds space for their clients to share their truth, not imposing their judgment and accepting the truth of their clients experiences. Since therapists are human as well, it is important for Gestalt therapists to consider the influence of their own experiences on what is happening in the session. Context Matters When in session, Gestalt therapists are wanting to learn about the experience of their clients. It is understood that context matters and the therapists use techniques to help the client become more aware of their experiences, their perceptions, and their responses to events in the here and now. Rather than specifically targeting the past and asking clients to purposefully bring up old experiences, Gestalt therapists operate from a place of understanding that as clients become increasingly aware, they will overcome existing roadblocks. There is no forced work or technique, just holding space for client awareness is key in this approach. The Present The main hallmark of Gestalt therapy is the focus on the present. In the session, the client and therapist rapport is critical in building trust and safety. As the client shares, a Gestalt therapist will help bring the client back to the present if there is a sense they are spending too much time in the past or if their anxiety may be speeding them into the future. An example of keeping a client present might include something like asking about a clients facial expression or body language as they process a particular event or experience. In asking about something they are observing in the room, they are helping the client come back to the present and process what is happening for them at that moment. Staying in the present can sound deceptively simple. How hard can it be to stay present, right? Well, if you have ever found yourself worrying about work while making a grocery list, or reminiscing about a past event while sitting with your family at the dinner table, you can understand how quickly we might venture off in our minds while in a therapy session. We work very hard to survive painful experiences, and part of this survival technique is to attempt to shut down our emotional hurt or painful memory of the event. In Gestalt therapy, you are offered a space where you dont have to do that hard work anymore. This isnt to suggest that things will come up quickly, but they dont have to. A Gestalt therapist understands that things such as painful memories or events will come to awareness when the client is ready for healing in that area. Self-Awareness During Gestalt therapy, there may be some experiential exercises that you will do with your therapist. Experiential exercise refers to therapeutic activities done in therapy that can help to increase awareness and help with processing. At the heart of Gestalt therapy is awareness. As Frederick Salomon Perls put it, Awareness in itself is healing. Rather than sitting still and talking, you may be asked to actively participate in something like role play, guided imagery, or use of props to help communication and understanding. Engaging in experiential exercises can be a wonderful way to open up and share, especially when it is difficult to find words or when you tend to process in a more visual way. Gestalt therapists understand that these exercises help to increase awareness. Gestalt Exercises Words and Language The attention to language and tone is important in Gestalt therapy. As clients learn to accept responsibility, they learn to use language that reflects a sense of personal ownership rather than focusing on others. For example, rather than say, If he didnt do that I wouldnt get so mad! a client might be encouraged to say, I feel mad when he does that because it makes me feel insignificant and I dont like that. The use of I statements are important in Gestalt therapy. What Are I Feel Statements? Empty Chair This is a role-playing exercise that allows a client to imagine and participate in a conversation with another person or another part of themselves. Sitting across from the empty chair, the client enters into a dialogue as if they were speaking with that other person or that other part of themselves. Empty chair can be very helpful in drawing out important perceptions, meanings, and other information that can help clients become more aware of their emotional experience and how to start healing. Role Play Another example of role-playing might be what is referred to as top dog and underdog. In this, it is recognized that a client has different parts of self. Similar to the empty chair, the client speaks as both the top dog, which is the more demanding side of their personality and the underdog, which is the more submissive and obedient side of their personality. The key is to become aware of inner conflicts so that the person can better learn how to integrate these parts of self into a more complete whole. Body Language During a session, it might be noticed by a Gestalt therapist that the client is tapping their foot, wringing their hands, or making a certain facial expression. The therapist is likely to mention their observation of this and ask what is happening for the person at that moment. Incorporating language, the Gestalt therapist may even ask the client to give their foot, hands, or facial expression a voice and speak from that place. Exaggeration In addition to giving body language a voice, a Gestalt therapist may inquire about the clients body language. If it is difficult for the client to find words to put to what is happening, they may be asked to exaggerate that motion or repeat it several times in a row for a period of time during the session to draw out some of their experience in the counseling room in that moment. The client and the therapist get a chance to process emotions and how the person might have learned to disconnect their emotional experiences with their physical experiences. Locating Emotion During a session, it is common for people to talk about emotion. Talking about emotion is different than experiencing an emotion, which is what the Gestalt therapist is wanting the client to do in sessions. As a client talks about emotion, the therapist may ask them where they feel that emotion in their body. An example of this could be, a pit in my stomach, or my chest feels tight. Being able to bring the emotional experience to awareness in the body helps the client stay present and process their emotions more effectively Creative Arts Additional activities such as painting, sculpting, and drawing can also be used to help people gain awareness, stay present, and learn how to process at the moment. It is generally noted in this style that any technique that can be offered to the client, other than traditional sitting still and talking, can be quite helpful in allowing them to become more aware of themselves, their experiences, and their process of healing. How It Helps Collaborative Relationship Gestalt therapy intends for the client to gain greater awareness of their experience of being in the world. Gestalt therapists do not have a goal of changing their clients. In fact, clients are encouraged to focus on becoming more aware of themselves, staying present, and processing things in the here and now. The working, collaborative relationship between therapist and client is powerful to the healing process in Gestalt therapy. Moving Blocks It is suggested that the way we learn how to survive experiences, particularly painful experiences, is to create blocks or push things out of awareness so that we can move forward. As effective as it may seem, it can create trouble for us as we become more compartmentalized and fragmented in our sense of self and our experiences. The very techniques we once used to help ourselves become blocks to self-awareness and growth. Increasing client awareness allows for these blocks to be identified, properly challenged, and moved out of the way so we can find healing and personal growth. Personal Responsibility A key goal in Gestalt therapy is to allow clients the opportunity to own and accept their experiences. In blaming others, we lose our sense of control and become victim to the event or the other person involved in the event. Gestalt therapy encourages clients to challenge those old ways of how we may have created meaning about an experience. Learning how to accept and embrace personal responsibility is a goal of Gestalt therapy, allowing clients to gain a greater sense of control in their experiences and to learn how to better regulate their emotions and interactions with the world. Self-Regulation and Growth Gestalt therapy suggests that, inherently, people strive for self-regulation and growth. However, we sometimes develop techniques to emotionally survive unfortunate and painful experiences. Some of these techniques feel helpful in the short-term because they can help minimize our pain or distress. However, over the long-term, they leave us is more emotionally shaky places, unable to express ourselves. We may find it hard to interact with others, and difficult to learn how to effectively regulate ourselves and be whole, responsible beings. Gestalt therapy believes that, despite some of these setbacks, people are still wired for this sense of wholeness and feel distressed when we are not able to achieve it. Our distress might look like physical illness, emotional reactivity, isolation, and more. As Perls suggests, becoming aware of ourselves is healing. During our process of therapy, we can uncover and heal parts of self that have been lost for some time, discover parts of self that have not yet had an opportunity to thrive and gain a greater sense of self along the way. As we work to heal and integrate these parts of self, we can become healthy and whole individuals. The Impact of Gestalt Psychology

The Doctrine Of The Roman Catholic Church - 1184 Words

It has long been considered a taboo to question the actions or beliefs of leaders. However, when one blindly accepts these actions or beliefs, one creates an institution for immoral actions which become increasingly more complicated to overcome. Can authority be trusted, or should it be questioned? One can look back throughout history and literature to see a plethora of cases where the trust conferred onto authority was abused. During the fifteenth century, Galileo questioned the roman catholic church. Martin Luther also questioned the Catholic church in the sixteenth century, and in George Orwell s Animal Farm, the animals questioned their human masters. During the fifteenth century, the Catholic church was the authority on scientific knowledge. The Catholic church taught geocentrism, the belief that the sun revolves around the earth. Galileo, an Italian scientist at the time dared to challenge the Catholic church. He made a number of observations which proved that the geocentric model, a model taught and widely circulated by the church was wrong. His observations showed that the heliocentric model, a model proposed by Copernicus which states that the earth revolves around the sun, was correct. For standing up and questioning the church, Galileo was suspected of heresy and as such, he was sentenced to house arrest for the rest of his life. While Galileo was punished for speaking out against the Catholic church, he continued to compile his scientific research from theShow MoreRelatedThe Protestant Reformation Essay1014 Words   |  5 PagesThe intent of this paper is to evaluate the distinct character and quality of the expressions of the Protestant Reformation. This paper will discuss Lutheran Reformation, The Anabaptist, and The English Puritans as well as the Catholic Reformation also known as the Counter Reformation. It is the hope that after the reader has had the opportunity to view each of the characteristics and the expressions of each of the reformation the reader will have a better understanding of each and will be able toRead MoreThe Great Schism, also Known as the East-West Division1017 Words   |  5 Pagessplit of the Eastern Orthodox Church and the Roman Catholic Church. Some of these factors are such as the different understanding of Christianity, the different point of views toward the authority of th e Pope and the different ideas of governing the Church. All the different thoughts created the disagreement between the two branches of Church. In other words, the conflict came up, and eventually led to the Great Schism. The differences between these two branches of church were significant because theyRead MoreFive Solae Essay1392 Words   |  6 Pagesthe Roman Catholic Church. A storm of question began to emerge against the Roman Catholic Church because its emphasis on secular activities over the spiritual welfare of its members. Where indulgences meant to be sold? Should the supposed humble and Godly high officials of the church be living such luxurious and scandalous life-styles? Many bold religious reformers were involved in the Reformation including Martin Luther, John Calvin, John Owen, and more. Yet, while the Roman Catholic Church wasRead MoreThe Invention Of The Printing Press1214 Words   |  5 Pagesscholars to print and distribute their work throughout Europe. Church authority denounced the spread of scientific ideas encouraged by the invention of the printing press. They banned scientific works, like Galileo’s Sidereus Nuncius, as academics published their research. Roman Catholic Church authority advocated for biblical ideas, which opposed scientific studies like the heliocentric theory and the study of kinetics. Ecclesiastical doctri ne contested the heliocentric theory, Galileo’s research, andRead MoreRoman Catholicism And The Catholic Church993 Words   |  4 Pages Roman Catholicism, like Protestantism they have some of the same problems with the transcendence and immanence. There has been some change during the Second Vatican Council, where it were to become more modernize, the Catholic Church and it doctrine. The importance of Vatican II and the necessary for Catholic theologian that is concern with the Catholic Church. Another question that will be address in this essay, is to consider of Catholic theology, such as Rahner and Kung who had started toRead MoreThe Trial Of Galileo And The Catholic Church987 Words   |  4 PagesIn the Trial of Galileo, The Roman Catholic church is the largest christian church in the Western civilization .The moral aspect concerns salvation. The Catholic Church was directed by the Holy Scripture by the Church Fathers, which provided the means of eternal salvation: those don t renounce the Catholic Church of Catholicism place their souls in peril. Protestantism was an enemy Galileo had encountered but it derives the Catholic Church of converts because it deprives people from the true idealRead MoreAglipayan Church1240 Words   |  5 PagesName of the Church: Aglipayan Church (Iglesia Filipina Independiente) Short History of the Church: The Iglesia Filipina Independiente was formed in the beginning of the twentieth century as part of the broad nationalist struggle against Spanish colonialism and American imperialism. It traces its origin from the struggle of the Filipino clergy against racial discrimination and friar domination within the Roman Church in the 19th century, which, consequently, transformed into a nationalist crusadeRead MoreCorruption of the Catholic Church1166 Words   |  5 PagesWhy is the Catholic Church so corrupt in its teaching? They have found ways to control the knowledge that their followers contemplate on. The control of knowledge and power is the foundation for every successful religious organization. The Catholic Church have acquired this power through strategic control on the mind of its follower. The Catholic Church propagate their ideals as righteous in order to be accepted; for without this acceptance, they are faced with the task of initiating this power throughRead MoreHow the Refo rmation Affected 16th Century Civilization Essay812 Words   |  4 PagesReformation spurred a wave of political devolution throughout Europe in the early 1500s, the most obvious example being that of the Holy Roman Empire. Although the nobility of the Holy Roman Empire had managed to keep hold of its power throughout a time of political unification, the Reformation further exaggerated a bad situation - at least from the Holy Roman Emperors point of view. Throughout Europe, the aristocracy increasingly resented losing their power to the royal throne. Furthermore,Read MoreProtestant Reformation1706 Words   |  7 PagesUNIVERSITY NOVEMBER 05, 2013 As a result of increased corruption in the Catholic Church, a significant number of priests in the 16th century tried to transform Christianity back to its previous Biblical basis and simplicity. Initially, priests channeled much of their efforts in reforming the church, but they discovered that it was very challenging, and the only viable solution was to split completely from the Catholic Church. There were four movements as a result of the reformation events. They include

Legalization Of Marijuana Should Not Go Into Effect

With the election finally over, there are some left with heavy hearts. You have those who oppose the new president elect, and then there are some Californians who are disgruntled with the passing of certain propositions. Being one of many, Proposition 64 (Legalization of Marijuana) has caused many to laugh and others to hold their noses even higher.. As some may have guessed, once recreational marijuana became legal in Colorado back in 2012, time wouldn’t pass too long before California place the same proposition on its ballot. With official election results in on Wednesday, Nov. 9, Proposition 64 got approved for individuals to use and grow marijuana for personal use. However, according to California Secretary of State, Alex Padilla, subsequent taxation of recreational marijuana will not go into effect until January 1, 2018. With eight other states, (Arkansas, Florida, Maine, Massachusetts, Montana, Nevada and North Dakota) inserting marijuana measures on the ballot, all but one (Arizona) voted yes. Accounting for over 12 percent of the nation s population in 2015, many people see the proposition being passed in California as a federal tipping point for the United States. All things considered, some even believe that due to the magnitude of California’s population, a yes vote to legalize marijuana, could potentially lead to a trend of other states taking an interest and approving its usage. But how could so many people vote for this proposition to get pass? OneShow MoreRelatedShould Marijuana Be Legalized?1601 Words   |  7 Pagesuse of Marijuana is considered illegal in most of the states of the United States. Washington, Oregon, Colorado and Alaska legalized the use of Marijuana for medical and recreational purposes. Montana, Nevada, California, Arizona, New Mexico, Minnesota, Michigan, Illinois, New York, Vermont, Massachusetts, Connecticut, New Hampshire, Maine, Rhode Island, Delaware, New Jersey and Hawaii have legalized Marijuana for medical purposes only, the rest of the states have no laws legalizing marijuana (Governing)Read MoreThe Legalization Of Marijuana Legalization1061 Words   |  5 PagesThe Legalization of Cannabis in Ohio Marijuana is a controversial topic all across the United States. Recently marijuana has been voted on, legalized, and denied legalization in multiple states. There are still more states trying to fight the green fight for marijuana. The fight for legalization hasn’t been an easy one for cannabis supporters; they have been fighting tooth and nail to make it happen. One of the main concerns in the marijuana debates are whether or not marijuana is a gateway drugRead MoreIt Is Time to Legalize Marijana1700 Words   |  7 Pagesnever understand why someone would go against the law and jeopardize their life just to use drugs? The drug that I am talking about is marijuana, and surprisingly it is all around us. Marijuana is even referred to in today’s media Mainstream media sources that people enjoy, like music, movies, and TV shows, do not even bother to leave the drug out of their system. Now being a young adult and having my own personal experience with the drug and kno wing its effects on others, I wonder why it’s notRead MoreWeed Be Better Off Without Marijuana1728 Words   |  7 PagesBetter Off Without Marijuana Dope, Mary Jane, Pot, Grass, Weed, Blunt, Joint, and Nuggets are only a few of the countless names for marijuana, a narcotic drug used for recreational and sometimes medicinal uses across the world. Recently growing enough popularity among younger generations due to the glamorization of media, and the overwhelming financial gains through taxes and fees seen in Colorado, have caused Ohio legislators and citizens to consider the idea of legalizing marijuana for both recreationalRead MoreLegalization of Marijuana: A Review of the Literature1843 Words   |  7 PagesCalifornia was the first state to pass a marijuana law in 1913 followed by the rest of the states in the nation until the year of 1937, when marijuana became completely illegal at the federal level. (Guither) Before then, marijuana and specifically hemp had many uses for colonists and farmers and was such a critical crop for a number of purposes, that the government even encouraged its growth. It was not until Henry J. Ansl inger saw the Bureau of Narcotics as a fascinating career opportunity thatRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legalized?972 Words   |  4 PagesMarijuana Legalization For thousands of years, marijuana has been used for a myriad of purposes ranging from medical use to recreational use. Although small steps are being for marijuana legalization across the country, there is still a long way to go. Some folks argue that marijuana is a gateway drug and impairs judgement, causing people to act recklessly. However, extensive studies have been conducted on the effects, risks, and benefits of marijuana, and have proven marijuana to be safer thanRead MoreThe Battle Of Legalizing Marijuana1289 Words   |  6 Pages Jake Mincher Mrs. Hasty English 1, 1st Hour 4/20/17 The Battle to Legalize Marijuana in the United States The United States is splitting up into two sides with the date of 4/20 coming closer with one wanting the legalization of the plant substance and the other opposing it. According to the United Nations, 158.8 million people around the world use marijuana—more than 3.8% of the planet’s population. Marijuana was legalized on the 20th of April in Colorado in 2014. It has been legalized in variousRead MoreEffects Of Marijuana On The Body1139 Words   |  5 Pageshealth issue that is seen with the use of marijuana is a loss of coordination. As a person uses the drug they begin to become slower and slower when an instantaneous reaction is required. For example, using marijuana can make it difficult for a person to simply catch a ball in the sport of baseball even if before using marijuana that same person did not have difficulty with this task. (â€Å"Marijuana†) The main ingredient in marijuana that has a negative effect on the body, specifically the brain, is THCRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legalized? Essay1372 Words   |  6 PagesLegalization of Weed Growing up, everyone is told that, â€Å"Drugs are bad for you,† time and time again. Now as a kid you don’t really understand the reasoning behind it, but you listen to your authority figure regardless. I remember being told this my entire life and even to this very day. But as I got older I realized that people would still use drugs even though it’s illegal. I could never understand why someone would go against the law and jeopardize their life just to use drugs? The drug thatRead MoreThe Prohibition Of Marijuana Should Be Banned1693 Words   |  7 Pagesprohibition of Marijuana. Marijuana or Cannabis is a plant that is cultivated in large quantities and is either consumed, smoked, or inhaled to create a certain kind of altered mental and physical effect, which is referred to as a high. Though Marijuana may be considered a dangerous substance to most, it should be legalized because the economic, social, and political standpoints outweigh the negatives and is not as harmful to the United States as perceived. Throughout history, Marijuana was legal but

The Security Of Online Banking - 1967 Words

Billions of financial data transactions occur online every day and bank cybercrimes take place every day when bank information is compromised by skilled criminal hackers by manipulating a financial institution’s online information system. This causes huge financial loses to the banks and customers. The evolution history of attacks began more than 10 years ago. Its sophistication has increased on par with the new security technologies adopted by the bank industry intended to mitigate the problem. This means there are some flaws in the security of online banking that results in loss of money of many account holders along with leakage of their personal information to unauthorized persons. 3.2.1 Banking websites According to a recent study by University of Michigan, in an examination of 214 bank Websites, more than 75 percent of bank websites have at least one design flaw that could lead to the theft of customer information and flaws are ones that even an expert user would find difficult to detect and unlike bugs, cannot be fixed with a patch. It was recommended to use SSL throughout the entire website and to avoid using links to third-party sites. Secure banking websites have become an integral part of our day-to-day life from our personal to our job-related business. A survey conducted by Pew Internet states 42% of all internet users bank online. With 24/7 access from around the world users can view balances, transfer funds and lots more at their convenience using onlineShow MoreRelatedSecurity Issues Facing Online Banking1480 Words   |  6 PagesThere are security issues facing online banking and can these concerns be addressed. Introduction: Current technology is evolving fast, which brings new dimensions to people’s daily life. Moreover, network technological innovation not only brings huge economic benefits to the bank, but also has brought new needs for the requirements of online banking. The interaction between user and bank has been substantially enhanced by deploying computer operations, which not only reduce the cost of bank serviceRead MoreEffects of User’s Perceived Security on their Usage of Online Banking and e-Payment Facilities912 Words   |  4 Pagescreation of the internet, the banking sector is no exception. The creation of value-added services through the internet such as online transactions and online banking, the traditional landscape of banking has been transformed to new lengths. Day to day banking and similar financial transactions through the digital medium have positively affected the live of many due to the derived benefits such convenience to complete financial transactions at th eir leisure. Banking institutes are often associatedRead MoreFactors Influencing Online Banking Acceptance904 Words   |  4 PagesFactors influencing online banking acceptance: 1. Security: (Joseph; Stone, 2003) have said that the internet deals with a huge number of various financial transactions like customer payments, securities transactions applications for insurance acquisitions or loans. The result of the intention of the internet is to be an open network which means a high security risks are implicated with financial transactions. Today, different techniques and standards are presented in order to control these risksRead MoreIntroduction And Overview Of Online Banking1512 Words   |  7 Pages INTRODUCTION OVERVIEW OF ONLINE BANKING In this essay I will be writing about Online Banking, its use, how it evolved, impacts and how it benefited the global businesses. In late 1980s, the term online banking became popular. But in 1990s, the financial institutions implemented the online banking services. Initially it took some time to adopt the customers to do monetary transactions through online banking. Afterwards, with increasing use of computers, internet and World Wide Web, banks introducedRead MoreOnline Banking And Its Impact On The United States1001 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction: Since the 1980’s, online banking has made the lives of everyday people more convenient. With the new innovations and creations to computers, online banking has grown to become the most used form of banking in the US (5). From the first ATM to mobile banking technology has helped shape One of the first computerized innovations to online banking, the credit card, revolutionized how cash was money was used in society. 1950 – 1960’s: During the 1950 a man named Frank X. McNamara, wasRead MoreElectronic Banking, An Automatic Delivery Of The New And Old Banking System1021 Words   |  5 PagesElectronic banking is an automatic delivery of the new and old banking system of products and services to the customers.They give the service by the electronic and interactive communication channels. Financial institution customers, individuals or businesses are included by the E-Banking system which allows the system to access the account and also transact the business to obtain information about financial products through a network which is public or private by including the internet.[1]. ForRead MoreExternal Security Risks Associated With Internet Banking Essay969 Words   |  4 PagesExternal Security Risks associated with Internet Banking Introduction In recent years, The Internet Banking, namely, online banking means the transitions of banking activities including checking account information and payment of bills through the website (Singhal and Padhmanbhan, 2008; Ahasanul et al, 2009) is popular in the worldwide. Abdou (2014) shows that in the UK, the number of online banking user was increased from 63% to 70% between 2011 and 2012, and 47% of Americans used online banking, accordingRead More2.1Literature Review Technology has always been a major driver of bringing changes and making1200 Words   |  5 Pagesreshaped practically every component of our lives. With the boom of new technologies such as Internet and mobile phone it reshaped the banking of today from traditional banking to e-banking. Online banking is characterized as the services provided by the banks to its customers through the Internet. (Geyskens, I., Gie1ens, K., and Dekimpe, M.G). Definition of Online Banking It is fundamentally the idea of using electronic methods or means to transfer money electronically directly from one account to othersRead MoreLegal Ethical and Regulatory Issues1479 Words   |  6 PagesIssues The online banking industry is a growing and a continually evolving business. This paper will identify and describes the legal, ethical, and regulatory issues that impact online banking the Websites. Business ethics examines ethical rules and principles within a commercial context involved in e-commerce are faced with the same if not more legal issues as any other business; these issues include, but are not limited to jurisdiction, contract, and legitimacy in the banking. Banks suchRead MoreEssay on Online Banking Project Charter1279 Words   |  6 Pages9 ot of 10 Business requirements For Online Banking Version: 1.0 Prepared by Parul Navadiya. Pl make it obvious which company you are the BA for! Table of Contents 1 Executive summary: 3 2 Project Objectives: 3 2.1 Project Goal: 3 3 Project Requirements: 4 4 Business Objectives amp; Success Criteria: 4 5 Project Scope: 4 5.1 In scope: Major Task. 4 5.2 Out of scope: 5 6 Stakeholders: 5 7 Constraints: 5 8 Assumptions: 5 9 Gap Analyses Business process Flow:

OTP and Facial Recognition Features †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the OTP and Facial Recognition Features. Answer: Introduction: Confidentiality, integrity and availability is also known as CIA Triad is nothing but a model which is designed for guiding policies for information security within an organization. In the case of ATM machine pin number confidentiality is generally compared to privacy (Hajare et al., 2018). PIN numbers are designed in such a way that it can prevent from reaching to unauthorized people. Integrity is much more focused in maintaining, accuracy and trustworthiness of data over the whole life cycle. Availability is generally ensured by maintaining of data of all kinds of hardware and repair of data when needed (Onyesolu Okpala, 2017). Safeguarding of data or any kinds of interruptions in various kinds of connection must be included in various kinds of parameters like natural disaster and fire. For prevention of data a backup must be there so that important data can be easily stored. PIN in ATM mainly makes use of data so that it cannot be easily accessed or authorized by unauthorized peo ple. Many times it is seen that safeguarding of data may require special kind of training for looking into the documents. This kind of training would generally require various kinds of security risk which is used for threating of information. Data encryption is known to be common kind of method which is used for ensuring confidentiality. While availability focus on maintaining of hardware which generally performs maintaining of hardware for functioning of operating system. The whole keypad of an ATM machine consists of ten keys that is (0-9). Now in this situation the thief has broken five keys so more five keys are available to him. The pin number of an ATM machine generally consist of four numbers. So with the five keys available the maximum number of possible outcome for a four-digit pin is as follows 5P4 = 5! / (5-4)! = 5! /1! = 5*4*3*2*1/ 1 =120/1 =120. So the maximum number of possible outcome in this situation is 120. But according to the ATM security a user can enter pin for maximum three times. After three wrong inputs the card gets blocked. So keeping the security of the ATM in mind the maximum time the thief can enter the pin is three times. After three wrong trials by thief the card will be blocked. The reasons behind the reluctant to the use of biometrics are: One of the biggest challenges is the kind of process which is involved in capturing or mapping it a particular kind of identity (Karovaliya et al., 2015). Lack of accuracy in the kind of capturing may easily led to failure of a particular system. Privacy is considered to be one of the biggest concern in the kind of biometric solutions (Pathak et al., 2015). If somehow the server storing the biometric information is hacked in anyway then it may have led to serious kind of impact on a particular kind of individual. Any kind of error in biometric devices may led to false rejection and false kind of acceptance. This is mainly due to biometric technology which is unable to have an idea regarding the characteristic of a particular person for various kinds of reasons. There are certain number of steps which can be used for overcoming issues in biometric kind of authentication (Singh Kaur, 2016). Spoofing attack is considered to be well known kind of attack in which biometric of other persons are created. Another way for the implementation is the multifactor authentication which mainly requires multiple kind of identifiers on depending on certain number or level of risk. A false negative is a thing in biometric system when a particular kind of system fails to recognize the authenticity of an individual which might lead to something which is not happening in general (Khan, Hasan Xu, 2015). Depending on the thing there can be serious kinds of consequences like personal who is considered to have safety on the parameter of accessing inspite of guarding the whole kind of thing. On organizational level it can easily shut down the whole infrastructure and various kinds of things needed will be the data centers needed for restoring of various kinds of services. Transposition cipher is nothing but a simple scheme in which some of the plaintext are shifted in some kinds of regular pattern for forming cipher text. In some of the manual system transposition is generally carried out by making use of mnemonic. Simple frequency count can easily reveal to cryptanalyst. It generally has the same frequency in the cipher like some of the average in plaintext. And so simple rearrangement of various kinds of letters are possible in this. Simple distribution cipher is a kind of cypher which is being used for many years. It basically consists of plaintext character which are considered to be different from cipher text character. It is considered to be different from Caesar cipher in the context that cipher alphabet is not alphabet shifted instead of that is jumbled completely. Encrypted Text N T J W K H X K Corresponding numeric value 14 20 10 23 11 8 24 11 Key 2 3 4 2 3 4 2 3 Decoded from the substitution cipher 12 17 6 21 8 4 22 8 Caeser cipher shift 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 Decoded from the caeser cipher 9 14 3 18 5 1 19 5 Decoded Text I N C R E A S E Encrypted Text A M K Corresponding numeric value 1 13 11 Key 4 2 3 Decoded from the substitution cipher 23 11 8 Caeser cipher shift 3 3 3 Decoded from the caeser cipher 20 8 5 Decoded Text T H E Encrypted Text W W U J J Y Z T X Corresponding numeric value 23 23 21 10 10 25 26 20 24 Key 4 2 3 4 2 3 4 2 3 Decoded from the substitution cipher 19 21 18 6 8 22 22 18 21 Caeser cipher shift 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 Decoded from the caeser cipher 16 18 15 3 5 19 19 15 18 Decoded Text P R O C E S S O R Encrypted Text M W K X Z K U H E Corresponding numeric value 13 23 11 24 26 11 21 8 5 Key 4 2 3 4 2 3 4 2 3 Decoded from the substitution cipher 9 21 8 20 24 8 17 6 2 Caeser cipher shift 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 Decoded from the caeser cipher 6 18 5 17 21 5 14 3 25 Decoded Text F R E Q U E N C Y Therefore, the decoded text for the cypher text for employees will increases the processor speed. References Hajare, U., Mahajan, R., Jadhav, S., Pingale, N., Salunke, S. (2018). Efficient Cash Withdrawal from ATM machine using Mobile Banking. Karovaliya, M., Karedia, S., Oza, S., Kalbande, D. R. (2015). Enhanced security for ATM machine with OTP and Facial recognition features.Procedia Computer Science,45, 390-396. Khan, R., Hasan, R., Xu, J. (2015, March). SEPIA: Secure-PIN-authentication-as-a-service for ATM using mobile and wearable devices. InMobile Cloud Computing, Services, and Engineering (MobileCloud), 2015 3rd IEEE International Conference on(pp. 41-50). IEEE. Koteswari, S., Paul, P. J. (2017). A Survey: Fusion of Fingerprint and Iris for ATM services. Onyesolu, M. O., Okpala, A. C. (2017). Improving Security Using a Three-Tier Authentication for Automated Teller Machine (ATM).International Journal of Computer Network and Information Security,9(10), 50. Pathak, S. K., Pathak, S. K., Mishra, M. K., Kesharwani, L., Gupta, A. K. (2015). Automated Teller Machine (ATM) Frauds and Security.EDITORIAL BOARD, 192. Singh, S., Kaur, S. (2016). Enhancing ATM Security Using Fusion of Biometric Techniques.IITM Journal of Management and IT,7(1), 79-82.